Part of southern Italy where, from VIII - VII century. BC, the Greek colonies were built, mainly Achaean. The oldest were born on the Gulf of Taranto and the Ionian Sea to the Straits of Messina, then on the Tyrrhenian Sea: Gallipoli, Taranto, Metaponto, Eraclea, Siri, Sybaris, Turi, Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Posidonia (Paestum), Neapolis.
Cities of Ancient Greece brought original contributions to Greek culture, especially in philosophy (Pythagoras, sophistry, etc..) And they served as intermediaries between the Greek and Roman culture before Rome conquered Greece.
greek philosopher of the first half of the century. BC VI, who, in exile in Crotone, founded a community whose members, through the observance of silence, were aimed at achieving religious salvation, that they sottraesse the fatal cycle of births.
The doctrines of the Pythagoreans are known only in part and come from very ancient sources: they believed that the principle of order of things was one of the numbers and that the relations between them were signs esèrimibili by constant quantities.
For this reason, Pythagoras was credited with discovering the "multiplication table" and the enunciation of the "Pythagorean Theorem". According to this theorem, Pythagoras came to the great discovery of irrational numbers.
During the struggle between Rome and Gracia, Pythagoras took refuge in Metaponto, where he died at the Court of the Muses.
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